[I-Huate Mineral Processing Encyclopedia] Ukwembula izimfihlo ze-Kaolin: ukuguqulwa okuhle kakhulu kusuka enhlabathini kuya ezintweni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu

[I-Huate Mineral Processing Encyclopedia] Ukwembula izimfihlo ze-Kaolin: ukuguqulwa okuhle kakhulu kusuka enhlabathini kuya ezintweni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu

I-Kaolin iyiminerali engeyona eyensimbi, uhlobo lobumba kanye nedwala lobumba elakhiwe kakhuluAmaminerali obumba e-Kaolinite. Ngenxa yokuthi imhlophe futhi ithambile, ibizwa nangokuthi inhlabathi ye-Dolomitic. Iqanjwe ngegama leGaoling Village, eJingdezhen, eSifundazweni saseJiangxi. I-Kaolin yayo emsulwa imhlophe, ithambile, ithambile futhi inomhlaba, futhi inezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba nezamakhemikhali njengokuqina nokumelana nomlilo. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamaminerali kwakhiwe kakhulu yi-Kaolinite, i-Halloysite, i-Hydromica, i-Illite, i-Montmorillonite, i-Quartz, i-Feldspar kanye nezinye izimbiwa.

I-Kaolin iyiminerali yobumba evamile futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Yakhiwa ukuguguleka kwe-feldspar noma amanye amaminerali e-silicate emadwaleni angenalutho nashintshashintshayo ezindaweni ezingenalutho ezingenazo izinsimbi ze-alkali kanye nezinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline.

01 Ukuhlukaniswa

Ukuhlukaniswa kwenhlabathi

Amaminerali aqukethwe yi-Kaolin ngokwemvelo ahlukaniswe kakhulu ngamaminerali obumba kanye namaminerali angewona ubumba. Phakathi kwawo, amaminerali obumba ahlanganisa kakhulu amaminerali e-Kaolinite kanye nenani elincane le-Montmorillonite, i-mica kanye ne-Chlorite; amaminerali angewona ubumba ahlanganisa kakhulu i-feldspar, i-quartz kanye namaminerali anamanzi, kanye namanye amaminerali ensimbi njenge-hematite kanye ne-Rhosite, i-Iron ore, i-Limonite, njll., amaminerali e-titanium njenge-Rutile, njll. kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-plant fiber, njll. Ngokuyinhloko amaminerali obumba anquma izakhiwo ze-Kaolin.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbangela

Ngokusekelwe emvelaphi yama-deposit e-Kaolin kanye nokwehluka kwe-geology ye-Mineralization, izimo zejografi, isikali se-deposit, i-morphology yomzimba we-ore kanye nezici zokwenzeka, izingxenye zezinto ze-ore ezibonakala ezinqubweni ezahlukene ze-Mineralization, "i-Kaolin Mine Geological Exploration Code" ama-deposit e-Kaolin aseShayina ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu kanye nezinhlobo eziyisithupha.

Uhlobo lwesimo sezulu:Ihlukaniswe futhi ngezinhlobo ze-weathering residual kanye nezinhlobo ze-weathering leaching.

Uhlobo lokuguqulwa kwe-hydrothermal:Ihlukaniswe futhi ibe uhlobo lokuguqulwa kwamanzi okushisa kanye nohlobo lokuguqulwa kwentwasahlobo eshisayo yesimanje.

Uhlobo lwe-sedimentary:Ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ze-sedimentary kanye ne-sedimentary-weathering kanye ne-Kaolinite claystone subtype ngezigaba ezithwala amalahle.

Uhlobo Lwezimboni

Ngokusekelwe ekuzalweni kwama-deposit e-Kaolin, i-"Kaolin Mine Geological Exploration Specifications" ihlukanisa ama-deposit e-Kaolin aseShayina abe izinhlobo ezintathu kanye nezinhlobo eziyisithupha ngokuya ngomehluko we-geology ye-Mineralization, izimo zejografi, isikali se-deposit, i-morphology yomzimba we-ore kanye nezici zokwenzeka, kanye nezingxenye zezinto ze-ore eziboniswa yizinqubo ezahlukene ze-Mineralization. Ngokusho kokuthungwa kwazo, i-plasticity, kanye nengxenye yesihlabathi, zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu:

KunzimaI-Kaolin: Iqinile futhi ayiyona ipulasitiki, iba yipulasitiki ngemva kokuchotshozwa nokugaywa.

IthambileI-Kaolin:ithambile, ipulasitiki kakhulu, ingxenye yesihlabathi esingaphansi kwama-50%.

SandyI-Kaolin:ukuthungwa okuthambile, i-plasticity ebuthakathaka, ingxenye yesihlabathi esingaphezu kuka-50%.

02 Umsuka

Imithombo yamaminerali ye-Kaolin yaseShayina iphakathi kweziphezulu emhlabeni, ngamadiphozithi amaminerali aqinisekisiwe angu-267 kanye nama-reserve aqinisekisiwe angamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.91. Phakathi kwazo: Imithombo yamaminerali ye-Kaolin engakhiwanga ngamalahle ezweni lami isendaweni yesihlanu emhlabeni. Ama-reserve aqinisekisiwe angamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.468, ikakhulukazi agxile ezifundazweni zaseGuangdong, eShaanxi, eFujian, eJiangxi, eHunan naseJiangsu, aqukethe u-84.55% wemithombo yonke yezwe; Ama-reserve e-Kaolin (Kaolinite) okwakhiwa ngamalahle eShayina asezingeni lokuqala emhlabeni, anemithombo eqinisekisiwe engamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.442, ikakhulukazi asakazwa eDatong, eHuairen, eShuozhou, eShanxi, eJungar, eWuda, e-Inner Mongolia, eHuaibei, e-Anhui, eHancheng, eShaanxi, njll., phakathi kwawo iJungar coalfield e-Inner Mongolia inemithombo eminingi kakhulu.

Kunezindawo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zokugcina i-Kaolin eShayina:

(1) Idolobha laseJiepai, eSifundeni saseHengyang, eSifundazweni saseHunan licebile ngemithombo yamaminerali. Izindawo zokugcina i-Kaolin, i-Nepheline, i-Feldspar kanye ne-Quartz zifinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-200, futhi kunezinkampani zokumba kanye nokucubungula amaminerali ezingaba ngu-40. Indawo yokumba yaseDapailing (ikakhulukazi izimayini ze-Kaolin) inemayini eyodwa yokugcina amathani ayizigidi ezingu-80, ebekwe endaweni yokuqala e-Asia. Umkhiqizo wokumba waminyaka yonke wedolobha ungaphezu kwamathani angu-500,000, ohlinzeka ngamafektri amaningi obumba ezweni lonke.

(2) I-Kaolin endaweni yaseMaoming. I-Kaolin mineral eseMaoming Basin iyi-sedimentary rock egumbuqelwe yi-eluvial sub-type deposit. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-quartz kanye nokunye okusanhlamvu kungaphezu kuka-50%, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi i-sandy Kaolin mineral. Ngokuphathelene nemvelaphi, i-Maoming Kaolin idlule ezigabeni ezintathu ze-weathering residue - ukuthuthwa kanye nokuzigaya ngokwayo - bese kuba yi-weathering. I-Kaolin igumbuqelwe ngokuphelele, kanti ama-wafers ikakhulukazi ayi-monolithic anosayizi omncane wezinhlayiya. Asetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza iphepha.

(3) I-Longyan Kaolin iyisithako se-Kaolin esisele esigugile. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwensimbi kungaphansi kuka-0.3%, i-titanium ingaphansi kuka-0.02%, futhi iqukethe inani elithile le-solvent element (Li2O) esezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, iyinto eluhlaza efanelekile ye-porcelain kagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke okuphezulu, kanye ne-porcelain yobuciko.

(4) Suzhou Yangshan Kaolin, le diphozithi iyi-hydrothermal alteration Kaolin.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kodaka lwaseSuzhou Yangshan olunokuthungwa okumsulwa kusondele kakhulu ekwakhekeni okungokwenkolelo kweKaolinite. Okuqukethwe kwe-Al2O3 kungaba phezulu cishe ku-39.0%, kunombala omhlophe nezinhlayiya ezincane. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezithwalini ze-catalyst kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali.

(5) I-Hepu Kaolin. Kuyi-Kaolin deposit eseleyo egugile. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokwakha izinto zobumba.

(6) Uchungechunge lwamalahle aseNyakatho iKaolin. Iyi-Kaolinite eyisihlabathi, etholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezikhiqiza amalahle ezweni lami, futhi ingasetshenziswa ekwakheni, ekumbozeni, ekupendeni nasekwenzeni iphepha - inhlabathi esekelwe emalahleni.

Izindawo eziyisithupha ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ezishiwo ngenhla zingaphezu kuka-80% womkhiqizo waseShayina, futhi zingabameleli abakhulu ngokwezinhlobo zezinsiza.

03Use

I-Kaolin inezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuqinile, ukunamathela, amandla athile okomile, izakhiwo zokushisisa kanye nobumhlophe obuvela ngemuva kokushisa, okwenza ibe yinto eluhlaza eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwe-ceramic; imhlophe, ithambile, iyahlakazeka kakhulu, iyamuncwa. Izakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zenqubo ezifana nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali kanye nokungahleliwe kwamakhemikhali kwenza isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yephepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Kaolin isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezimboni ezifana nerabha, ipulasitiki, izinto zokungaguquguquki, kanye nokuhluzwa kwephethiloli, kanye nakubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kwezolimo kanye nokuvikela izwe. Isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-ceramic, izinto zokumboza, izinto zokungaguquki, ukwenza iphepha, upende, irabha, i-porcelain yezinga eliphezulu, izintambo nezintambo, amapulasitiki ezimboni, izigcwalisi zemboni yamakhemikhali, uyinki, ukudla, izimonyo, imithi, njll., ithatha indawo ye-lithopone kanye nengxenye ye-titanium kupende kanye nezimbozo. Impuphu emhlophe nezinye izinto ezibizayo.

04 Ubuchwepheshe Bokucubungula

Ukuze kuhlukaniswe amaminerali angewona ubumba kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-quartz, i-feldspar, i-mica, amaminerali ensimbi, amaminerali e-titanium, njll. ku-Kaolin futhi kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo ye-Kaolin engahlangabezana nezidingo zemikhakha eyahlukene yezimboni, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukuntanta, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic, njll. ukuhlanza nokususa ukungcola ku-Kaolin, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka futhi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokucubungula ezijulile ezifana nokumhlopheza kwamakhemikhali, ukuqhekeka kwe-ultrafine, i-calcination, kanye nokuguqulwa kwendawo ukuze kuphathwe i-Kaolin.

(1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Hydraulic

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-hydraulic kufaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-spiral (ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlabathi esiqinile esingu-+1mm), ukuhlukaniswa kwethangi lokusatshalaliswa (ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlabathi esihle esingu-+0.053mm), ukuhlukaniswa kwe-hydrocyclone (ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlabathi esihle esingu--0.053mm), ukuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-hydrocyclone enobubanzi obuncane (kokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ezingu-0.002-0.010mm).

(2) Ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kazibuthe okuphezulu kwe-gradient

Amandla ensimu yamagnetic angaphezu kuka-1 600 kA/m akhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa imidiya ye-magnetic concentrator ukususa i-Fe2O3 ne-TiO2 ku-Kaolin bese kukhiqiza izembozo zephepha nezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ceramic zezinga eliphezulu.

(3) Ukufudumeza okukhethiwe

Ngokufaka ama-flocculant, ukungcola okufana ne-quartz ecolekile, i-pyrite, i-alunite, njll. kuhlukaniswa ngokukhetha ukuze kukhiqizwe i-Kaolin embozwe nge-blade. Ama-flocculant asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-sodium hexametaphosphate, i-ammonium polyacrylamide, ingilazi yamanzi, njll.

(4) Ukumhlopheza ngamakhemikhali

Izinto zokuhlanza ezifana nempuphu yomshuwalense ziyangezwa ukuze kuncishiswe insimbi ephezulu e-limonite kanye ne-hematite e-Kaolin ibe yinsimbi encibilikayo, noma ama-oxidants ayengezwa ukuze kufakwe i-pyrite futhi kudaywe ukungcola ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubumhlophe be-Kaolin.

(5) Ukuxebuka

Emshinini wokuxova, amabhola amancane aphakathi nendawo asetshenziswa ukukhiqiza umphumela wokugaya, ukuze izinhlayiya ze-Kaolin aggregate zihlukaniswe zibe amakristalu amancane, okukhiqiza i-Kaolin embozwe nge-blade enobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezingaphansi kuka-2μm kanye nokuqukethwe okungaphezu kuka-90%.

(6) Ukuncishiswa kwe-calcination

Uma i-calcined ku-800-1000℃, i-Kaolin ilahlekelwa amanzi, kwenzeka ushintsho lwesigaba, futhi ukungcola okuthile kuyashintshashintsha, okuthuthukisa ubumhlophe kanye nokushisa kwe-Kaolin futhi kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izintambo kanye nezigcwalisi zerabha kanye nepulasitiki. I-Calcination iyindlela edingekayo yokucubungula i-Kaolin esekelwe emalahleni (eqinile).

(7) Ukuguqulwa kwendawo

Ubumba lwe-Kaolin lumbozwe nge-coupling agent, njll., ukuze kwandiswe inani lobumba lwe-Kaolin olufakwe enjolobeni yepulasitiki, futhi lusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izigcwalisi zobumba ze-Kaolin zepulasitiki yerabha.

Phakathi kwazo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic kuyindlela yokuhlukanisa amaminerali esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokucubungula amaminerali. Isimiso sayo esiyisisekelo ukusebenzisa umehluko wamagnetic wamaminerali ngokwawo ukuze kufezwe ukuhlukaniswa. Ngokwezakhiwo zamaminerali ezisebenzisa amandla kamagnethi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic kungahlukaniswa kube ukuhlukaniswa okunamandla kwamagnetic, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic okubuthakathaka, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic okuphambene kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic okune-gradient ephezulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamaminerali ahlukene. Imishini yokucubungula amaminerali ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi abahlukanisi bamagnetic bepuleti, abahlukanisi bamagnetic abasebenzisa indandatho eqondile, abahlukanisi bamagnetic abasebenzisa amandla kamagnethi ...

05 Amacala okusetshenziswa kwezimbiwa

Inqubo 1: Uma sithatha ubumba lwe-Kaolin lwangaphandle njengesibonelo, ukungcola okuyinhloko kulesi sampula kufaka phakathi i-iron oxide, i-titanium oxide, kanye ne-iron silicate. Ku-ore eluhlaza, okuqukethwe ukungcola kwe-Fe2O3 kanye ne-TiO2 kungu-0.89% kanye no-0.17% ngokulandelana, kuyilapho ubumhlophe bufinyelela ku-67.29%.

Ukuze sisuse ngempumelelo lokhu kungcola, sithole uhlelo olulandelayo lokuhlola: Okokuqala, dlulisa i-ore eluhlaza ngesihlukanisi sikagesi esinodaka lwe-electromagnetic ukuze kusetshenziswe izinqubo ezimbili zokuhlukanisa ukungcola, ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile kanye nokukhetha okuncane, ukuze kususwe ukungcola okuningi ekuqaleni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukugxila okutholiwe kuhlanzwa ngokwengeziwe ngesihlukanisi sikagesi esinodaka lwe-superconducting ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe ukungcola futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi ye-Kaolin.

Ishadi lokugeleza kokuhlolwa

Kungabonakala emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa ukuthi i-ore eluhlaza ingahlukaniswa nge-slurry kagesi + i-slurry kagesi + ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kagesi ukuze kutholakale umkhiqizo we-Kaolin concentrate one-Fe2O3 0.35% kanye nobumhlophe obungu-87.52%.

Inqubo 2:I-ore eluhlaza idlula ekuhlukaniseni okunamandla kwe-5T magnetic. Inqubo yokuhlola iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, kanti imiphumela yokuhlola iboniswe kuThebula 2.

UMFANELO 2 Ukugeleza kokuhlola kokuzuza

I-ore eluhlaza yafakwa ekuhlukaniseni amandla kagesi angu-5T ukuze kutholakale umkhiqizo we-Kaolin concentrate one-Fe2O3 0.40%, i-Al2O3 22.92%, i-SiO2 68.78%, i-TiO2 0.10%, i-CaO 1.90%, ubumhlophe obungu-86.97%, kanye nesivuno esingu-90.90%.

Njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimboni eziningi, iKaolin inamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo yomkhakha, iKaolin izodlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi. Esikhathini esizayo, sibheke phambili ekwandiseni ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kweKaolin ngocwaningo olujulile kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, sifinyelele ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo nokuqhubekayo, futhi senze iminikelo emikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi wesintu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele futhi sinake izinkinga zemvelo ezingase zivele ngesikhathi sokumbiwa nokucutshungulwa kweKaolin, futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okunengqondo kwezinsizakusebenza zeKaolin kuhambisana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo yemvelo.