Esikhungweni sokucubungula amaminerali, isigaba sokugaya siyisifunda esibalulekile esinokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Isigaba sokugaya silawula ushintsho lokusanhlamvu kulo lonke ukugeleza kokucubungula amaminerali, okunethonya elikhulu esilinganisweni sokubuyisa kanye nesilinganiso sokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo ogxile ekunciphiseni izindleko nokuthuthukisa izinga lokukhiqiza ngaphansi kwendinganiso ethile yokugaya.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zendlela yokugaya, ukugaya okusebenza nge-open-circuit kanye nokugaya okusebenza nge-closed-circuit. Yiziphi izici zalezi zindlela ezimbili zokugaya? Iyiphi indlela yokugaya engasebenzisa kahle kakhulu futhi ithuthukise izinga lokukhiqiza? Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizophendula le mibuzo.
Imininingwane yezindlela ezimbili zokugaya
Ukugaya okuvula isifunda kusho ukuthi, ekusebenzeni kokugaya, izinto zifakwa esigayweni bese zikhishwa ngemva kokugaya, ngqo esigayweni esilandelayo noma inqubo elandelayo.
Izinzuzo zokugaya nge-opening-circuit ukuhamba okulula kokucubungula kanye nezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali eziphansi. Kanti izinkinga ziyizinga eliphansi lokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu.
Ukugaya nge-closed-circuit wukuthi, ekusebenzeni kokugaya, izinto zifakwa esigayweni ukuze zihlukaniswe ngemva kokugaya, bese i-ore engafaneleki ibuyiselwa esigayweni ukuze igaywe kabusha, bese i-ore efanelekile ithunyelwa esigabeni esilandelayo.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokugaya isekethe evaliwe izinga lokuchoboza elisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza iphakeme. Esikhathini esifanayo, isekethe evaliwe inezinga lokukhiqiza elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ububi ukuthi ukuhamba kokukhiqiza kwesekethe evaliwe kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi kubiza kakhulu kunokugaya isekethe evulekile.
Izinto ezingahambisani zigaywa ngokuphindaphindiwe esigabeni sokugaya esivaliwe kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa usayizi wezinhlayiya ezifanelekile. Lapho kugaywa, amaminerali engeziwe angathuthwa ayiswe emishinini yokugaya, ukuze amandla omshini wokugaya ibhola asetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yokugaya, ukuze ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwemishini yokugaya kuthuthukiswe.
Imishini yezindlela ezimbili zokugaya
Ekukhetheni imishini yokugaya, umshini wokugaya ibhola awunawo amandla okulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya. Kukhona okusanhlamvu okuhle okufanelekile kanye nokusanhlamvu okuqinile okungafaneleki emseleni we-ore, okungafaneleki imishini yokugaya evulekile. Umshini wokugaya i-Rob uphambene nalokho, ukuba khona kwezinduku zensimbi phakathi kwebhulokhi elijiyile kuzoqala kuphuke, ukunyakaza okuphezulu kwezinduku zensimbi njenge-grille eningi, izinto ezincane zingadlula esikhaleni esiphakathi kwezinduku zensimbi. Ngakho-ke, umshini wokugaya izinduku unamandla okulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya futhi ungasetshenziswa njengemishini yokugaya evulekile.
Nakuba umshini wokugaya ibhola ungenalo ikhono lokulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya ngokwawo, ungalawula usayizi wezinhlayiya ngosizo lwemishini yokuhlukanisa. Umshini uzokhipha i-ore emishinini yokuhlukanisa. Izinto ezincane ezifanelekile zingena esigabeni esilandelayo ngomjikelezo wokuhlukanisa ngokugaya. Ngakho-ke, ukugaya ngesekethe evaliwe izinto eziqinile ezingafaneleki zingadlula emshinini izikhathi eziningana, kumele zigaywe zibe usayizi wezinhlayiya ezifanelekile zingakhishwa yimishini yokuhlukanisa. Akukho mkhawulo cishe emishinini yokugaya engakhethwa esigabeni sokugaya esivaliwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezimbili zokugaya
Ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaminerali, izici, kanye nezidingo ezahlukene zokugeleza kokucubungula, izidingo zokugaya kahle zihlukile. Isimo sezinto zokwakha ezinamakhemikhali ahlukene afinyelela izinga elifanele lokuhlukaniswa naso asifani.
Ekugayeni okujikelezayo okuvaliwe, izinto ezibuyiselwe emishinini yokugaya cishe ziyafaneleka. Ukugaya kabusha okuncane kuphela okungaba umkhiqizo ofanelekile, futhi ukwanda kwezinto ezigayweni, izinto ezigayweni zishesha, isikhathi sokugaya sifushane. Ngakho-ke, ukugaya okujikelezayo okuvaliwe kunezici zokukhiqiza okuphezulu, izinga lokukhanya lokuchoboza ngokweqile, ukusatshalaliswa okuncane kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya ezifanayo. Ngokuvamile, isitshalo se-flotation kanye nesitshalo sokuhlukanisa amandla kazibuthe ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa inqubo yokugaya okujikelezayo okuvaliwe.
Ukugaya okungenantambo kufaneleka ekugayweni kokuqala. Izinto ezikhishwa engxenyeni eyodwa yesigayo senduku zingena kweminye imishini yokugaya bese zigaywa (zicoliwe). Ngale ndlela, ingxenye yokuqala yesigayo senduku inesilinganiso esincane sokuchoboza kanye nomthamo wokukhiqiza ophezulu, futhi inqubo ilula kakhulu.
Ngamafuphi, kungabonakala ukuthi ukukhetha indlela yokugaya kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okudingeka icatshangelwe ezicini eziningi njengezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nezinqubo zobuchwepheshe. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi abanikazi bezimayini babonisane nabakhiqizi bemishini yokucubungula abaneziqu zokuklama imayini ukuze bagweme ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-06-2020