Kusukela ngawo-1990, amazwe angaphandle aqale ukufunda ubuchwepheshe bokuzuza obuhlakaniphile futhi enze ezinye izintuthuko zemfundiso, njengeGunsonSortex e-UK kanye ne-Outo-kumpu eFinland. kanye ne-RTZOreSorters, njll., athuthukise futhi akhiqiza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi zezihlungi ze-photoelectric zezimboni, izihlungi ze-radioactive, njll., futhi zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo emkhakheni wokuhlunga wezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous kanye nezinsimbi eziyigugu, kodwa ngenxa yentengo ephezulu, ukunemba okuphansi kokuhlunga, amandla okucubungula mancane, futhi anqunyelwe ekukhuthazeni nasekusetshenzisweni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe angaphandle, ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe oluhlobene ezweni lakithi lwaqala sekwephuzile, futhi insimu yocwaningo incane kakhulu. Cishe ngo-2000, eminye imishini yokuhlunga nayo yavela emakethe yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ukuhlunga imibala, ukuhlunga kwe-infrared, ukuhlunga ngogesi, njll., esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlunga okusanhlamvu, ukudla, itiye, imithi, izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, iphepha, ingilazi, ukuhlunga imfucuza kanye neminye imboni, kodwa izinsimbi eziyigugu nezingavamile njengegolide, umhlaba ongavamile, ithusi, i-tungsten, amalahle, i-magnetic iron ore ebuthakathaka, njll. ayikwazi ukukhethwa kusengaphambili futhi ilahlwe kusengaphambili, ikakhulukazi emshinini wokukhetha owomile ohlakaniphile, imishini yokuphonsa umsila isalokhu ingenalutho.
Njengamanje, izimayini zasekhaya azinawo imishini ekhethekile esebenzayo yokulahla ama-ore abuthakathaka angabonakali, ama-ore ensimbi angenawo i-ferrous, njll., ikakhulukazi ethembele endleleni yokuqala yokuhlunga ngesandla kanye nendlela yokuhlukanisa i-magnetic, kanti usayizi wezinhlayiya zokuhlunga ngokuvamile uphakathi kuka-20 no-150 mm. Amandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphakeme. Kwamaminerali anomehluko omncane ekubukekeni kombala, ukukhanya, ukuma, kanye nobuningi be-ore kanye nedwala elichithwe, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kuphansi, iphutha likhulu, futhi amanye awakwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Ku-magnetite, indlela yokuhlukanisa i-magnetic ingasetshenziswa ukuphonsa imisila, kodwa kuma-ore anezakhiwo ezibuthakathaka ze-magnetic, ama-ore ensimbi angenawo i-ferrous, njll., iphutha lokuhlukanisa likhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kuphansi, futhi kukhona ukuchitha okukhulu kwezinsiza.
Umshini wokuhlunga wezinzwa ohlakaniphile ufanelekile ekuphathweni kwangaphambilini kwe-ore ngesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuncibilika kwe-ore eluhlaza kanye nomphumela omuhle wokuhlukanisa phakathi kwedwala elizungezile ne-ore ewusizo ngemva kokuchotshozwa.
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Ukwehlisa izinga lokunqunywa kwezimayini kufana nokwandisa izindawo zokugcina insimbi ensimbi yezimboni;
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Nciphisa izindleko zokugaya nokuthuthukisa okulandelayo;
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Amandla okucubungula uhlelo angathuthukiswa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi imishini yokugaya yokuqala ayishintshi;
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Ukuthuthukisa izinga elikhethiwe kusiza ekuqiniseni nasekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yama-concentrates kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokuncibilikisa;
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Nciphisa inani le-tailings ezicolekile, nciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokunakekela amachibi e-tailings, futhi uthuthukise ukuphepha endaweni yokugcina amanzi.
Thatha izimayini zegolide njengesibonelo: njengamanje, izinsiza zegolide eziqinisekisiwe zezwe lami zingamathani ayi-15,000-20,000, zibekwe endaweni yesikhombisa emhlabeni, ngomkhiqizo wegolide waminyaka yonke ongaphezu kwamathani angu-360, izindawo zokugcina zegolide lamatshe ezibalelwa cishe ku-60%, kanye nesilinganiso sediphozithi ye-ore esingaba ngu-5%. Cishe i-g/t, izindawo zokugcina zegolide lamatshe zingamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Sekuyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ekhiqiza igolide. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokuzuza igolide ezweni lakithi isasebenzisa inqubo yendabuko yokukhulisa i-flotation-concentrate cyanidation. Azikho izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphonsa imisila ngaphambi kokuchoboza nokugaya okuqinile. Umsebenzi wokuchoboza, ukugaya nokuqoqa udoti mkhulu, futhi izindleko zokuzuza zisephezulu. Izinga lokulahlekelwa yizimayini lingaphezu kuka-5%, izinga lokubuyisa lokuhluza nokuncibilikisa lingaba ngu-90%, izindleko zokuzuza ziphezulu, izinga lokubuyisa izinsiza liphansi, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kubi.
Ngemva kokulahla kusengaphambili ngokuhlunga kwezinzwa ezihlakaniphile, idwala elikhethiwe lingabalelwa ku-50-80% we-ore eluhlaza ekhethiwe, okucebisa izinga legolide elikhethiwe izikhathi ezingu-3-5, futhi kuncishiswe inani labasebenzi esitshalweni sokugqoka ngo-15-20%, ukwanda ngo-25-30% kwedwala elilahliwe kanye no-10-15% ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi.
Izindleko zokuchoboza nokugaya zingagcinwa ngaphezu kuka-50%, umthamo wokuntanta kwamakhemikhali olandelayo ungancishiswa ngaphezu kuka-50%, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuthuthuka kakhulu, inani lokusetshenziswa kabusha kwedwala elilahliwe liyathuthuka, umonakalo wemvelo uyancipha, futhi inzuzo yezomnotho ithuthuka kakhulu.
Ububanzi bobukhulu bezinhlayiya zokuhlunga izinzwa ezihlakaniphile bungafinyelela cishe ku-1mm kuya ku-300mm, futhi inzwa ingabona izingcezu ze-ore ezifika ku-40,000 ngomzuzwana. Kuthatha ama-ms ambalwa kuphela ngengcezu ngayinye ye-ore kusukela ekutholweni kwenzwa etholayo kuya emyalezweni wokuhlunga otholwe yi-actuator. Kuthatha ama-ms ambalwa kuphela ukuze imojuli yokujova iqede ukusebenza okukodwa. Umthamo omkhulu wokucubungula womshini owodwa ungafinyelela ku-400 t/h, futhi umthamo wokucubungula womshini owodwa ungafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezintathu ngonyaka, okulingana nesilinganiso semayini ephakathi nendawo enkulu.
Imishini yokuhlunga izinzwa ehlakaniphile ingashintsha kalula isofthiwe kanye nemingcele yokuhlunga esethiwe ku-inthanethi, futhi iphendule ekushintsheni kwekhwalithi kanye nobuningi be-ore eluhlaza ngesikhathi, okungenakufezwa emishinini yokuhlunga yendabuko. Uma nje i-ore eluhlaza ifinyelela izinga elithile lokuhlukana esigabeni sokuchoboza, noma ngabe kuyizinga lokuhlukaniswa kwedwala noma i-gangue elizungezile kuphela, noma ukugxila kokugcina kukhiqizwa ngqo, isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-ore ahlukahlukene ensimbi (i-ore yensimbi engeyona i-magnetic noma ebuthakathaka, ithusi, i-lead, Ukukhetha kwangaphambili kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza ye-zinc, i-nickel, i-tungsten, i-molybdenum, i-tin, i-rare earth, igolide, njll.), amaminerali amalahle kanye namaminerali angewona ensimbi njenge-talc, i-fluorite, i-calcium carbonate, i-dolomite, i-calcite, i-apatite, njll. Inani lokugxila okuqinile okungena enkambisweni elandelayo lincishisiwe kakhulu, futhi ibanga liyathuthukiswa, okunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokugaya nokuzuza okulandelayo. Ukuzuza izinzwa okuhlakaniphile akunakuqhathaniswa nokuhlunga ngesandla kwendabuko, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinzwa, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-photoelectric ngokuya ngokunemba kokuhlonza, isivinini sokuphendula, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga, kanye nomthamo wokucubungula. Ukuhlunga okuhlakaniphile kokubona kuwukubonakaliswa okuphelele kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokubona kanye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali, futhi sekuyindlela eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kokukhethwa kwamaminerali kusengaphambili.
Imithombo yamaminerali yaseShayina ikakhulukazi ingama-ore angenawo amafutha amaningi, futhi amandla okugcina makhulu. Indlela yokulahla imfucuza kusenesikhathi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokugaya nokucubungula okulandelayo, nokunciphisa izindleko zokucubungula, nokuphendula ngenkuthalo ezidingweni ezijwayelekile zezwe "zokwakha izimayini ezihlakaniphile nezimayini eziluhlaza", ingabe Sekuyinkambiso engenakugwenywa ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezimayini yezwe lami. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokuhlunga ehlakaniphile efanele izimayini zasekhaya kuseduze, futhi amathuba emakethe azoba makhulu kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-25-2022