Njengoba inezakhiwo ezikhethekile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, i-kaolin iyisisetshenziswa samaminerali esingeyona insimbi esibalulekile ezintweni zobumba, ekwenzeni amaphepha, erabha, epulasitikini, ezintweni ezingaphili, ekuhlanzeni uphethiloli kanye neminye imikhakha yezobuchwepheshe obuphambili bezimboni, bezolimo kanye nokuzivikela kwezwe. Ubumhlophe be-kaolin buyisibonakaliso esibalulekile senani lokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Izici ezithinta ubumhlophe be-kaolin
I-Kaolin uhlobo lobumba olucolekile noma idwala lobumba oluhlanganiswe kakhulu ngamaminerali e-kaolinite. Ifomula yayo yamakhemikhali ekristalu ingu-2SiO2 · Al2O3 · 2H2O. Inani elincane lamaminerali angewona ubumba yi-quartz, i-feldspar, amaminerali ensimbi, i-titanium, i-aluminium hydroxide nama-oxide, izinto eziphilayo, njll.
Isakhiwo sekristalu se-kaolin
Ngokwesimo kanye nohlobo lokungcola ku-kaolin, ukungcola okubangela ukwehla kobumhlophe be-kaolin kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: i-organic carbon; Izinto ze-pigment, njenge-Fe, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Mn, njll; Amaminerali amnyama, njenge-biotite, i-chlorite, njll. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe yi-V, Cr, Cu, Mn nezinye izinto ku-kaolin kuncane, okunomthelela omncane ebumhlopheni. Ukwakheka kwamaminerali kanye nokuqukethwe kwensimbi ne-titanium yizinto eziyinhloko ezithinta ubumhlophe be-kaolin. Ukuba khona kwazo ngeke kuthinte kuphela ubumhlophe bemvelo be-kaolin, kodwa futhi kuzothinta ubumhlophe bayo obune-calcined. Ikakhulukazi, ukuba khona kwe-iron oxide kunomthelela omubi embala wobumba futhi kunciphisa ukukhanya kwayo kanye nokumelana nomlilo. Futhi noma ngabe inani le-oxide, i-hydroxide kanye ne-hydrated oxide ye-iron oxide lingu-0.4%, kwanele ukunikeza umbala obomvu wobumba ube nombala ophuzi. Lawa ma-iron oxide nama-hydroxide angaba yi-hematite (obomvu), i-maghemite (obomvu-onsundu), i-goethite (ophuzi onsundu), i-limonite (owolintshi), i-hydrated iron oxide (obomvu onsundu), njll. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukususa ukungcola kwensimbi ku-kaolin kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kangcono kwe-kaolin.
Isimo sokwenzeka kwe-iron element
Isimo sokuvela kwensimbi ku-kaolin yisona sici esiyinhloko esinquma indlela yokususa insimbi. Ucwaningo oluningi lukholelwa ukuthi insimbi ekristalu ngesimo sezinhlayiya ezincane ixutshwe ku-kaolin, kuyilapho insimbi engaguquki imbozwe ebusweni bezinhlayiya ezincane ze-kaolin. Njengamanje, isimo sokuvela kwensimbi ku-kaolin sihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe: enye ikwi-kaolinite kanye namaminerali angeziwe (njenge-mica, i-titanium dioxide kanye ne-illite), ebizwa ngokuthi insimbi yesakhiwo; Enye ikwisimo samaminerali ensimbi azimele, abizwa ngokuthi insimbi yamahhala (kufaka phakathi insimbi engaphezulu, insimbi ekristalu ecolekileyo kanye nensimbi engaguquki).
Insimbi esuswa ngokususwa kwensimbi kanye nokwenza mhlophe i-kaolin iyinsimbi yamahhala, ikakhulukazi ehlanganisa i-magnetite, i-hematite, i-limonite, i-siderite, i-pyrite, i-ilmenite, i-jarosite namanye amaminerali; Iningi lensimbi likhona ngesimo se-limonite ehlakazekile kakhulu ye-colloidal, kanye nenani elincane ngesimo se-goethite eyindilinga, e-acicular kanye ne-irregular kanye ne-hematite.
Indlela yokususa insimbi nokwenza mhlophe i-kaolin
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi
Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ukususa amaminerali angcolile njenge-quartz, i-feldspar kanye ne-mica, kanye nokungcola okuqinile njengemfucumfucu yamadwala, kanye namanye amaminerali ensimbi kanye ne-titanium. Amaminerali angcolile anobuningi obufanayo kanye nokuncibilika kwe-kaolin awakwazi ukususwa, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kobumhlophe akubonakali kahle, okufanelekela ukuhluzwa kanye nokumhlophe kwe-kaolin ore esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic
Ukungcola kwamaminerali ensimbi ku-kaolin kuvame ukuba namandla kagesi abuthakathaka. Njengamanje, indlela yokuhlukanisa amandla kagesi aqinile asetshenziswa kakhulu, noma amaminerali anamandla kagesi abuthakathaka aguqulwa abe yi-iron oxide enamandla kagesi ngemva kokuyosa, bese esuswa ngendlela evamile yokuhlukanisa amandla kagesi.
Isihlukanisi sikamazibuthe esiqondile se-gradient ephezulu
Isihlukanisi semagnethi se-gradient ephezulu se-slurry kagesi
Isihlukanisi sikamazibuthe esisebenza ngokushisa okuphansi
Indlela yokuntanta
Indlela yokuntanta isetshenziswe ekwelapheni i-kaolin evela kuma-deposit ayisisekelo nawesibili. Enqubweni yokuntanta, izinhlayiya ze-kaolinite ne-mica ziyahlukaniswa, futhi imikhiqizo ehlanziwe iyizinto eziningana ezifanele zezinga lezimboni. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-kaolinite ne-feldspar okukhethiwe ngokuvamile kwenziwa endaweni emanzi ene-pH elawulwayo.
Indlela yokunciphisa
Indlela yokunciphisa ukusebenzisa i-ejenti yokunciphisa ukunciphisa ukungcola kwensimbi (njenge-hematite ne-limonite) esimweni se-trivalent se-kaolin kuya kuma-ion ensimbi ancibilikayo ancibilikayo, asuswa ngokuhluzwa nokugezwa. Ukususwa kokungcola kwe-Fe3+ku-kaolin yezimboni kuvame ukufezwa ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuphathekayo (ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic, ukufuduka okukhethayo) kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic noma zokunciphisa.
I-Sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sodium hydrosulfite, iyasebenza ekunciphiseni nasekukhipheni insimbi kusuka ku-kaolin, futhi okwamanje isetshenziswa embonini ye-kaolin. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela kumele yenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinamandla ze-asidi (pH<3), okuholela ezindleleni zokusebenza eziphezulu kanye nomthelela emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-sodium hydrosulfite azizinzile, zidinga amalungiselelo okugcina kanye nokuthuthwa okukhethekile nokubizayo.
I-Thiourea dioxide: (NH2) 2CSO2, TD) iyi-ejenti yokunciphisa enamandla, enezinzuzo zekhono lokunciphisa elinamandla, ubungane nemvelo, izinga eliphansi lokubola, ukuphepha kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza inqwaba. I-Fe3+enganyibiliki ku-kaolin ingancishiswa ibe yi-Fe2+encibilikayo nge-TD.
Ngemva kwalokho, ubumhlophe be-kaolin bungakhuliswa ngemva kokuhlunga nokuwasha. I-TD izinzile kakhulu ekushiseni kwegumbi kanye nasezimweni ezingathathi hlangothi. Amandla okunciphisa aqinile e-TD angatholakala kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkalinity enamandla (pH>10) noma ukushisa (T>70 ° C), okuholela ezindleleni zokusebenza eziphezulu kanye nobunzima.
Indlela yokuxubha
Ukwelashwa nge-oxidation kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-ozone, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-potassium permanganate kanye ne-sodium hypochlorite ukususa ungqimba lwekhabhoni olufakwe emanzini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubumhlophe. I-kaolin endaweni ejulile ngaphansi komthwalo ojiyile ingwevu, kanti insimbi ekwi-kaolin isesimweni sokunciphisa. Sebenzisa ama-oxidizing agents aqinile njenge-ozone noma i-sodium hypochlorite ukuze u-oxide i-FeS2 enganyibiliki ku-pyrite ibe yi-soluble Fe2+, bese ugeza ukuze ususe i-Fe2+ ohlelweni.
Indlela yokukhipha i-asidi
Indlela yokukhipha i-asidi ukuguqula ukungcola kwensimbi okungancibiliki ku-kaolin kube izinto ezincibilikayo ezixazululweni ze-asidi (i-hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-oxalic acid, njll.), ngaleyo ndlela kuqashelwe ukuhlukaniswa ne-kaolin. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-asidi e-organic, i-oxalic acid ibhekwa njengethembisa kakhulu ngenxa yamandla ayo e-asidi, isici esihle sokuxuba kanye nekhono eliphezulu lokunciphisa. Nge-oxalic acid, insimbi encibilikisiwe ingasuswa esixazululweni sokukhipha i-asidi ngendlela ye-ferrous oxalate, futhi ingacutshungulwa kabanzi ukuze yakhe i-hematite emsulwa ngokusebenzisa i-calcination. I-oxalic acid ingatholakala ngentengo ephansi kwezinye izinqubo zezimboni, futhi esigabeni sokudubula sokukhiqiza i-ceramic, noma iyiphi i-oxalate esele ezintweni eziphathwayo izobola ibe yi-carbon dioxide. Abacwaningi abaningi bafunde imiphumela yokuncibilikisa i-iron oxide nge-oxalic acid.
Indlela yokubala izinga lokushisa eliphezulu
Ukwenziwa kwe-calcination kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ekhethekile ye-kaolin. Ngokusho kwezinga lokushisa lokwelashwa, kukhiqizwa amazinga amabili ahlukene e-kaolin ene-calcined. Ukwenziwa kwe-calcination ebangeni lokushisa elingu-650-700 ℃ kususa iqembu le-hydroxyl lesakhiwo, kanti umhwamuko wamanzi ophumayo uthuthukisa ukuqina kanye nokungacaci kwe-kaolin, okuyisici esifanelekile sokusetshenziswa kwephepha lokumboza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokushisa i-kaolin ku-1000-1050 ℃, ayikwazi nje ukwandisa ukungakwazi ukuguquguquka, kodwa futhi ithole ubumhlophe obungu-92-95%.
Ukufakwa kwe-chlorine
Insimbi ne-titanium kwasuswa kumaminerali obumba, ikakhulukazi i-kaolin ngokufaka i-chlorination, futhi kwatholakala imiphumela emihle. Enqubweni yokufaka i-chlorination kanye ne-calcination, ekushiseni okuphezulu (700 ℃ - 1000 ℃), i-kaolinite iye yadlula i-dehydroxylation ukuze yakhe i-metakaolinite, futhi ekushiseni okuphezulu, kwakheka izigaba ze-spinel kanye ne-mullite. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwandisa ukungezwani kwamanzi, ubulukhuni kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya ngokusila. Amaminerali aphathwe ngale ndlela angasetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi, njengephepha, i-PVC, irabha, ipulasitiki, izinamathiseli, ukupholisha kanye nokufaka amazinyo. Ukungezwani kwamanzi okuphezulu kwenza la maminerali ahambisane kakhulu nezinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo.
Indlela ye-Microbiological
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanzwa kwamaminerali ngama-microbial buyinto entsha kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanzwa kwamaminerali ngama-microbial kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuflotha kwamaminerali ngama-microbial. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanzwa kwamaminerali ngama-microbial bubuchwepheshe bokukhipha obusebenzisa ukuxhumana okujulile phakathi kwamagciwane namaminerali ukubhubhisa i-crystal lattice yamaminerali nokuncibilikisa izingxenye eziwusizo. I-oxidized pyrite kanye nezinye i-sulfide ores eziqukethwe ku-kaolin zingahlanzwa ngobuchwepheshe bokukhipha amaminerali ngama-microbial. Ama-microorganism asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka phakathi i-Thiobacillus ferroxidans kanye ne-Fe-reducing bacteria. Indlela ye-microbiological inezindleko eziphansi kanye nokungcola kwemvelo okuphansi, okungeke kuthinte izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ze-kaolin. Kuyindlela entsha yokuhlanza nokwenza mhlophe enamathemba okuthuthukiswa kwamaminerali e-kaolin.
Isifinyezo
Ukwelashwa kokususwa kwensimbi kanye nokwenza mhlophe kwe-kaolin kudinga ukukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu ngokwemibala ehlukene kanye nezinhloso ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okubanzi kobumhlophe bamaminerali e-kaolin, nokwenza kube nenani eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kanye nenani lezomnotho. Umkhuba wentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kufanele kube ukuhlanganisa izici zendlela yamakhemikhali, indlela ebonakalayo kanye nendlela yezinto eziphilayo ngendlela yemvelo, ukuze kunikezwe ngokugcwele izinzuzo zazo futhi kuvinjelwe ukushiyeka kwazo, ukuze kufezwe umphumela omuhle wokwenza mhlophe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi kuqhutshekwe nokufunda indlela entsha yezindlela ezahlukene zokususa ukungcola futhi kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokwenza ukususwa kwensimbi kanye nokwenza mhlophe kwe-kaolin kuthuthuke ngendlela eluhlaza, esebenza kahle futhi ephansi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-02-2023