Phakathi nesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu”, ngokohlelo lwesu lwezwe “lwenani eliphakeme lekhabhoni kanye ne-carbon neutral”, imboni ye-photovoltaic izoholela ekuthuthukisweni kweziqhumane.Ukuqubuka kwemboni ye-photovoltaic "kudale ingcebo" kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni.Kulolu chungechunge olukhazimulayo, ingilazi ye-photovoltaic iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile.Namuhla, ukukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, isidingo sengilazi ye-photovoltaic sikhula usuku nosuku, futhi kukhona ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezwa nokufunwa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isihlabathi se-quartz esine-iron ephansi kanye ne-ultra-white, into ebalulekile yengilazi ye-photovoltaic, nayo ikhuphukile, futhi intengo ikhuphukile futhi ukunikezwa kuyashoda.Ochwepheshe bezimboni babikezela ukuthi isihlabathi se-quartz ye-iron ephansi sizoba nokwanda kwesikhathi eside okungaphezu kuka-15% iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.Ngaphansi komoya onamandla we-photovoltaic, ukukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi se-quartz ye-iron ephansi kuye kwakhanga kakhulu.
1. Isihlabathi se-quartz sengilazi ye-photovoltaic
Ingilazi ye-Photovoltaic ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengephaneli ye-encapsulation yamamojula we-photovoltaic, futhi ithintana ngokuqondile nemvelo yangaphandle.Ukumelana nesimo sezulu, amandla, ukudluliswa kokukhanya nezinye izinkomba zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yamamojula we-photovoltaic kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza amandla isikhathi eside.Ama-ion ensimbi esihlabathini se-quartz kulula ukudaya, futhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwelanga okuphezulu kwengilazi yokuqala, okuqukethwe kwensimbi yengilazi ye-photovoltaic kuphansi kunengilazi evamile, kanye nesihlabathi se-quartz ye-iron ephansi enobumsulwa be-silicon ephezulu. futhi okuqukethwe ukungcola okuphansi kufanele kusetshenziswe.
Njengamanje, kunezihlabathi ezimbalwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-quartz yensimbi okulula ukuzimbiwa ezweni lakithi, futhi zisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi e-Heyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan nakwezinye izindawo.Ngokuzayo, ngokukhula komthamo wokukhiqiza wengilazi egqame kakhulu emhlophe yamaseli elanga, isihlabathi sequartz sekhwalithi ephezulu esinendawo elinganiselwe yokukhiqiza sizoba yinsiza eyivelakancane.Ukunikezwa kwesihlabathi se-quartz esisezingeni eliphezulu futhi esizinzile kuzokhawulela ukuncintisana kwezinkampani zengilazi ze-photovoltaic esikhathini esizayo.Ngakho-ke, indlela yokunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo okuqukethwe kwensimbi, i-aluminium, i-titanium nezinye izakhi zokungcola esihlabathini se-quartz nokulungiselela isihlabathi se-quartz esihlanzekile kuyisihloko socwaningo esishisayo.
2. Ukukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi se-quartz ye-iron ephansi yengilazi ye-photovoltaic
2.1 Ukuhlanzwa Kwesanti Yequartz Ngengilazi ye-Photovoltaic
Njengamanje, izinqubo zendabuko zokuhlanzwa kwe-quartz ezisetshenziswa ngokuvuthwa embonini zifaka phakathi ukuhlunga, ukukhuhla, ukucisha amanzi okubala, ukugaya, ukusefa, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukuntanta, ukucwiliswa kwe-asidi, ukucwiliswa kwe-microbial, ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-degassing, njll., Ukucwenga okujulile Izinqubo zifaka ukugazinga okune-chlorine, ukuhlungwa kombala okufakwe imisebe, ukuhlunga okunamandla kazibuthe, i-vacuum yokushisa ephezulu nokunye.Inqubo evamile yokusizakala yokuhlanzwa kwesihlabathi se-quartz yasekhaya nayo iye yathuthukiswa kusukela ekuqaleni “kokugaya, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, ukugeza” kuya “ekuhlukaniseni → ukuchotshozwa okumahhadla → ukubala → ukucisha amanzi → ukugaya → ukuhlola → ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe → ukuntanta → i-asidi Inqubo ehlanganisiwe yokuzuza ukucwiliswa→ukugeza→ukomisa, kuhlanganiswe ne-microwave, i-ultrasonic nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kusengaphambili noma ukuhlanzwa okuyisizayo, kuthuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokuhlanza.Uma kubhekwa izidingo zensimbi ephansi yengilazi ye-photovoltaic, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokususa isihlabathi se-quartz kwethulwa ikakhulukazi.
Ngokuvamile i-ayoni ikhona kulezi zinhlobo eziyisithupha ezilandelayo ezivamile ku-quartz ore:
① Zikhona ngesimo sezinhlayiya ezinhle zobumba noma i-kaolinised feldspar
②Kunamathiselwe ngaphezulu kwezinhlayiya zequartz ngendlela yefilimu ye-iron oxide
③ Amaminerali ensimbi afana ne-hematite, i-magnetite, i-specularite, i-qinite, njll. noma amaminerali ane-iron njenge-mica, i-amphibole, i-garnet, njll.
④Isesimweni sokucwiliswa emanzini noma ilensi ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya zequartz
⑤ Yiba kusimo sesixazululo esiqinile ngaphakathi kwekristalu ye-quartz
⑥ Inani elithile lensimbi yesibili lizoxutshwa enqubweni yokuchotshozwa nokugaya
Ukuze uhlukanise ngokuphumelelayo amaminerali aqukethe i-iron ku-quartz, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale uthole isimo sokuvela kokungcola kwensimbi ku-quartz ore bese ukhetha indlela enengqondo yokuzuza kanye nenqubo yokuhlukanisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhishwa kokungcola kwensimbi.
(1) Inqubo yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe
Inqubo yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe ingasusa amaminerali abuthakathaka kazibuthe angcolile njenge-hematite, i-limonite ne-biotite kuhlanganise nezinhlayiya ezihlangene ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu.Ngokusho kwamandla kazibuthe, ukuhlukana kazibuthe kungahlukaniswa kube ukuhlukana okunamandla kazibuthe kanye nokuhlukana okubuthakathaka kazibuthe.Ukwehlukanisa kukazibuthe okuqinile kuvame ukuthatha isihlukanisi kazibuthe esimanzi esiqinile noma isihlukanisi esinozibuthe esinemithamo ephezulu.
Ngokuvamile, isihlabathi se-quartz esiqukethe ikakhulukazi amaminerali abuthakathaka kazibuthe angcolile njenge-limonite, i-hematite, i-biotite, njll., ingakhethwa kusetshenziswa umshini ozibuthe oqinile wohlobo olumanzi ngenani elingaphezu kuka-8.0×105A/m;Ukuze uthole amaminerali aqinile kazibuthe abuswa insimbi yensimbi, kungcono ukusebenzisa umshini kazibuthe obuthakathaka noma umshini kazibuthe ophakathi ukuze uhlukanise.[2] Namuhla, ngokusetshenziswa kwezihlukanisi ezinozibuthe eziphakeme kakhulu nezinamandla kazibuthe, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kanye nokuhlanza kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esedlule.Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction roller uhlobo lwesihlukanisi esiqinile sikazibuthe ukususa insimbi ngaphansi kwamandla kazibuthe angu-2.2T kunganciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-Fe2O3 ukusuka ku-0.002% kuya ku-0.0002%.
(2) Inqubo yokuntanta
I-Flotation iyinqubo yokuhlukanisa izinhlayiya zamaminerali ngokusebenzisa izici ezihlukahlukene zomzimba namakhemikhali ebusweni bezinhlayiya zamaminerali.Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukususa i-mineral mica ehlobene ne-feldspar esihlabathini se-quartz.Ukuze uthole ukuhlukaniswa kwe-flotation yamaminerali aqukethe i-iron kanye ne-quartz, ukuthola uhlobo lokuvela kokungcola kwensimbi kanye nefomu lokusabalalisa losayizi wezinhlayiyana ngayinye kuyisihluthulelo sokukhetha inqubo efanele yokuhlukanisa ukukhishwa kwensimbi.Amaminerali amaningi ane-iron anephuzu likagesi elinguziro ngaphezu kuka-5, elishajwa kahle endaweni ene-acidic, futhi ngokwethiyori lifanele ukusetshenziswa kwabaqoqi be-anionic.
I-fatty acid (insipho), i-hydrocarbyl sulfonate noma i-sulfate ingasetshenziswa njengeqoqo le-anionic lokuntanta kwensimbi ye-iron oxide.I-pyrite ingaba i-flotation ye-pyrite isuka ku-quartz endaweni yokukhetha nge-ejenti ye-flotation yakudala ye-isobutyl xanthate kanye ne-butylamine powder emnyama (4:1).Umthamo ungama-200ppmw.
Ukuntanta kwe-ilmenite ngokuvamile kusebenzisa i-sodium oleate (0.21mol/L) njenge-ejenti yokuntanta ukuze kulungiswe i-pH ibe ngu-4~10.Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka phakathi kwama-ion e-oleate nezinhlayiya zensimbi ebusweni be-ilmenite ukukhiqiza i-iron oleate, ekhangiswe ngamakhemikhali ama-Oleate ions agcina i-ilmenite inokuntanta okungcono.Abaqoqi be-phosphonic acid abasuselwa ku-hydrocarbon abathuthukiswe eminyakeni yamuva banokukhetha okuhle nokusebenza kokuqoqwa kwe-ilmenite.
(3) Inqubo yokukhishwa kwe-Acid
Inhloso eyinhloko yenqubo yokukhishwa kwe-asidi ukukhipha amaminerali ensimbi ancibilikayo esixazululweni se-asidi.Izici ezithinta umphumela wokuhlanza we-acid leaching zihlanganisa usayizi wezinhlayiya zesihlabathi se-quartz, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi, uhlobo lwe-asidi, ukugxiliswa kwe-asidi, isilinganiso soketshezi oluqinile, njll., nokwandisa izinga lokushisa nesisombululo se-asidi.Ukugxila kanye nokunciphisa i-radius yezinhlayiya ze-quartz kungakhuphula izinga lokuvuza kanye nezinga le-leaching lika-Al.Umphumela wokuhlanza we-asidi eyodwa unomkhawulo, futhi i-asidi exubile inomphumela we-synergistic, ongakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokususwa kwezinto ezingcolile ezifana ne-Fe ne-K. Ama-acids avamile we-inorganic yi-HF, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4 , H2C2O4, ngokuvamile ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zazo ziyaxutshwa futhi zisetshenziswe ngesilinganiso esithile.
I-Oxalic acid iyi-asidi esetshenziswayo esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlanza i-asidi.Ingakha inkimbinkimbi eqinile enezinsimbi zensimbi ezincibilikisiwe, futhi ukungcola kugezwa kalula.Inezinzuzo zomthamo ophansi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokususwa kwensimbi.Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-ultrasound ukusiza ukuhlanzwa kwe-oxalic acid, futhi bathola ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokunyakaziswa okujwayelekile kanye ne-tank ultrasound, i-probe ultrasound inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokususwa kwe-Fe, inani le-oxalic acid lingaphansi kuka-4g/L, futhi izinga lokususa insimbi lifinyelela 75.4%.
Ukuba khona kwe-dilute acid ne-hydrofluoric acid kungasusa ngempumelelo ukungcola kwensimbi okufana ne-Fe, Al, Mg, kodwa inani le-hydrofluoric acid kufanele lilawulwe ngoba i-hydrofluoric acid ingakwazi ukugqwala izinhlayiya ze-quartz.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-acids nakho kuthinta ikhwalithi yenqubo yokuhlanza.Phakathi kwazo, i-asidi exubile ye-HCl ne-HF inomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokucubungula.Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-HCl ne-HF exubekile leaching agent ukuze bahlanze isihlabathi sequartz ngemva kokuhlukana kazibuthe.Ngokucwiliswa kwamakhemikhali, inani eliphelele lezinto ezingcolile liyi-40.71μg/g, kanti ubumsulwa be-SiO2 buphakeme bufika ku-99.993wt%.
(4) Ukukhishwa kwe-Microbial
Ama-microorganisms asetshenziselwa ukukhipha insimbi yefilimu ezacile noma i-ayoni emilayo phezu kwezinhlayiya zesihlabathi se-quartz, okuyindlela esanda kuthuthukiswa yokukhipha insimbi.Ucwaningo lwakwamanye amazwe lubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus kanye nezinye izinto ezincane eziphilayo ukuze i-leaching iron ebusweni befilimu ye-quartz izuze imiphumela emihle, umphumela we-Aspergillus niger leaching iron optimal.Izinga lokususwa kwe-Fe2O3 ngokuyinhloko lingaphezu kuka-75%, futhi izinga lokugxilisa ingqondo le-Fe2O3 liphansi njengo-0.007%.Futhi kwatholakala ukuthi umphumela we-leaching iron ngokutshalwa kwangaphambi kokutshalwa kwamabhaktheriya amaningi kanye nesikhunta kungaba ngcono.
2.2 Enye inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwesihlabathi se-quartz sengilazi ye-photovoltaic
Ukuze unciphise inani le-asidi, unciphise ubunzima bokwelashwa kwendle, futhi ube nobungane bemvelo, uPeng Shou [5] et al.udalule indlela yokulungisa isihlabathi se-quartz ye-iron engu-10ppm ngenqubo engakhethi: i-quartz ye-vein yemvelo isetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza, nokuchotshozwa kwezigaba ezintathu, Isiteji sokuqala sokugaya kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba sesibili kungathola igrit engu-0.1~0.7mm ;i-grit ihlukaniswa yisigaba sokuqala sokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kanye nesigaba sesibili sokususwa okuqinile kazibuthe kwensimbi eyimishini kanye namaminerali anensimbi ukuze kutholwe isihlabathi sokuhlukanisa kazibuthe;ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kwesihlabathi kutholwa isigaba sesibili sokuhamba kwe-Fe2O3 okuqukethwe kungaphansi kwe-10ppm ye-quartz yensimbi ephansi yesihlabathi, i-flotation isebenzisa i-H2SO4 njengesilawuli, ilungisa i-pH = 2 ~ 3, isebenzisa i-sodium oleate kanye ne-coconut oil-based propylene diamine njengabaqoqi. .Isihlabathi se-quartz esilungisiwe i-SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, sihlangabezana nezidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-siliceous ezidingekayo engilazini yokubona, ingilazi yokubonisa isithombe kagesi, nengilazi ye-quartz.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuncipha kwezinsiza zequartz ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsiza ezisezingeni eliphansi kuye kwaheha ukunaka okusabalele.U-Xie Enjun we-China Building Materials I-Bengbu Glass Industry Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. isebenzise insalela ye-kaolin ukuze ilungise isihlabathi se-quartz yensimbi ephansi yengilazi ye-photovoltaic.Ukwakheka kwamaminerali okuyinhloko kwe-Fujian kaolin tailings yi-quartz, equkethe inani elincane lamaminerali angcolile njenge-kaolinite, i-mica, ne-feldspar.Ngemuva kokuthi i-kaolin tailings icutshungulwe yinqubo yenzuzo ye-"grinding-hydraulic classification-magnetic separation-flotation", okuqukethwe kwe-0.6 ~ 0.125mm usayizi wezinhlayiyana mkhulu kuno-95%, i-SiO2 ingu-99.62%, i-Al2O3 ingu-0.065%, i-Fe2O3 I-92 × 10-6 isihlabathi se-quartz esihle sihlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yesihlabathi se-quartz yensimbi ephansi yengilazi ye-photovoltaic.
U-Shao Weihua kanye nabanye abavela ku-Zhengzhou Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, i-Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, bashicilele ilungelo lobunikazi elisunguliwe: indlela yokulungisa isihlabathi sequartz esihlanzekile esisuka kumsila we-kaolin.Izinyathelo zendlela: a.I-Kaolin tailings isetshenziswa njenge-ore eluhlaza, ehlungwa ngemva kokunyakaziswa nokukhuhlwa ukuze kutholwe impahla engu-+0.6mm;b.+0.6mm impahla iphansi futhi ihlukaniswe, futhi impahla yamaminerali engu-0.4mm0.1mm ingaphansi kokusebenza kokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, Ukuthola izinto ezibonakalayo zikazibuthe nezingezona uzibuthe, izinto ezingezona kazibuthe zingena emsebenzini wokuhlukanisa amandla adonsela phansi ukuze kutholwe amaminerali okukhanya okuhlukanisa amandla adonsela phansi futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi amaminerali asindayo, kanye namaminerali okukhanya okuhlukanisa amandla adonsela phansi angena emsebenzini wokugaya ukuze ahlole ukuze athole amaminerali angu-+0.1mm;c+0.1mm I-mineral ingena emsebenzini wokuntanta ukuze ithole i-flotation concentrate.Amanzi angaphezulu e-concentrate ye-flotation ayasuswa bese afakwe emanzini anosawoti nge-ultrasonically, abese ehlungwa ukuze kutholwe inhlabathi eqinile engu-+0.1mm njengesihlabathi sequartz esihlanzekile.Indlela yokusungulwa ayikwazi ukuthola kuphela imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-quartz, kodwa futhi inesikhathi esifushane sokucubungula, ukugeleza kwenqubo elula, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokugxila kwe-quartz etholiwe, engahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu. i-quartz.
I-Kaolin tailings iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinsiza ze-quartz.Ngokusebenzisa i-beneficiation, ukuhlanzwa nokucubungula okujulile, kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwe-photovoltaic ultra-white glass glass raw.Lokhu futhi kunikeza umbono omusha wokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsiza ze-kaolin tailings.
3. Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yesihlabathi se-quartz ye-iron ephansi yengilazi ye-photovoltaic
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, engxenyeni yesibili ka-2020, umthamo wokukhiqiza obambezeleke ukwanda awukwazi ukubhekana nesidingo esiqhumayo ngaphansi kokuchuma okuphezulu.Ukunikezwa kanye nesidingo sengilazi ye-photovoltaic kungalingani, futhi intengo ikhuphuka.Ngaphansi kocingo oluhlanganyelwe lwezinkampani eziningi zemojula ye-photovoltaic, ngo-December 2020, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ukhiphe idokhumenti ecacisa ukuthi iphrojekthi yengilazi egoqiwe ye-photovoltaic ingase ingakhi uhlelo lokubuyisela amandla.Ethonywe inqubomgomo entsha, izinga lokukhula kokukhiqizwa kwengilazi ye-photovoltaic lizonwetshwa kusukela ku-2021. Ngokusho kolwazi lomphakathi, umthamo wengilazi ye-photovoltaic egoqwe ngecebo elicacile lokukhiqiza ngo-21/22 uzofinyelela ku-22250 / 26590t / d, nge- izinga lokukhula lonyaka lika-68.4/48.6%.Esimeni senqubomgomo kanye neziqinisekiso zohlangothi lwesidingo, isihlabathi se-photovoltaic kulindeleke ukuthi singenise ukukhula kokuqhuma.
2015-2022 amandla okukhiqiza ingilazi ye-photovoltaic
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda okukhulu komthamo wokukhiqiza wengilazi ye-photovoltaic kungase kubangele ukunikezwa kwesihlabathi se-silica yensimbi ephansi kudlule ukunikezwa, okubuye kuvimbele ukukhiqizwa kwangempela kwamandla okukhiqiza ingilazi ye-photovoltaic.Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ngo-2014, ukukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi se-quartz sasekhaya sezwe lami ngokuvamile kube ngaphansi kancane kunesidingo sasekhaya, futhi ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo kugcine ibhalansi eqinile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinsiza zasekhaya ze-quartz yensimbi ephansi ziyindlala, zigxile e-Heyuan yase-Guangdong, e-Beihai yase-Guangxi, e-Fengyang yase-Anhui nase-Donghai yase-Jiangsu, futhi inani elikhulu lazo lidinga ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Isihlabathi se-quartz esine-iron ephansi esimhlophe singenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa (ezibalela cishe u-25% wezindleko zempahla eluhlaza) eminyakeni yamuva.Intengo nayo ibilokhu ikhuphuka.Esikhathini esedlule, bekucishe kube ngu-200 yuan/ton isikhathi eside.Ngemva kokugqashuka kobhubhane lwe-Q1 eminyakeni engu-20, yehle isuka ezingeni eliphezulu, futhi okwamanje igcina ukusebenza okuzinzile okwamanje.
Ngo-2020, isidingo sezwe lami sesihlabathi se-quartz sizoba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-90.93, okuphumayo kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-87.65, kanti ukungenisa ezweni lonke kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezi-3.278.Ngokusho kolwazi lomphakathi, inani letshe le-quartz ku-100kg yengilazi encibilikisiwe lingaba ngu-72.2kg.Ngokohlelo lwamanje lokunwetshwa, ukukhuphuka kwamandla engilazi ye-photovoltaic ngo-2021/2022 kungase kufinyelele ku-3.23/24500t/d, ngokusho kokukhiqizwa konyaka Kubalwa phakathi nenkathi yezinsuku ezingu-360, ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kuzohambisana nesidingo esisha esisanda kukhula. Isihlabathi se-iron silica samathani ayizigidi ezingama-836/635/ngonyaka, okungukuthi, isidingo esisha sesihlabathi se-silica esine-iron ephansi esilethwe ingilazi ye-photovoltaic ngo-2021/2022 sizolandisa ngesihlabathi se-quartz esiphelele ngo-2020 9.2%/7.0% yesidingo .Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi isihlabathi se-silica se-iron ephansi silandisa kuphela ingxenye yengqikithi yesidingo sesihlabathi se-silica, ukunikezwa kanye nengcindezi yesidingo esihlabathini se-silica esinensimbi ephansi ebangelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwamandla okukhiqiza ingilazi ye-photovoltaic kungase kube phezulu kakhulu kunokucindezela imboni yesihlabathi se-quartz iyonke.
-Isihloko esivela ku-Powder Network
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-11-2021