I-silicon ne-oxygen yizinto ezimbili ezisatshalaliswa kakhulu emhlabeni.Ngaphandle kokwenza i-SiO2, aphinde ahlangane enze amaminerali amaningi we-silicate atholakala kuqweqwe.Kunamaminerali angaphezu kwama-800 awaziwayo we-silicate, abalwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo zonke izinhlobo zamaminerali ezaziwayo.Zihlangene, zakha cishe u-85% woqweqwe lomhlaba kanye ne-lithosphere ngesisindo.Lawa amaminerali akuzona kuphela izakhi eziyinhloko zamadwala angenalutho, ama-sedimentary, kanye ne-metamorphic kodwa futhi asebenza njengemithombo yensimbi eminingi engeyona eyensimbi neyivelakancane.Izibonelo zifaka i-quartz, i-feldspar, i-kaolinite, i-illite, i-bentonite, i-talc, i-mica, i-asbestos, i-wollastonite, i-pyroxene, i-amphibole, i-kyanite, i-garnet, i-zircon, i-diatomite, i-serpentine, i-peridotite, i-andalusite, i-biotite, ne-muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Izakhiwo Zomzimba: I-Feldspar iyimaminerali esabalaliswa kabanzi emhlabeni.I-feldspar ecebile nge-potassium ibizwa ngokuthi i-potassium feldspar.I-Orthoclase, i-microcline, ne-albite yizibonelo zamaminerali e-potassium feldspar.I-Feldspar ibonisa ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali futhi imelana nama-asidi, ngokuvamile okunzima ukubola.Ukuqina busuka ku-5.5 kuye ku-6.5, ukuminyana busuka ku-2.55 kuye ku-2.75, nendawo yokuncibilika busuka ku-1185 kuye ku-1490.°C. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka nge-quartz, i-muscovite, i-biotite, i-sillimanite, i-garnet, namanani amancane we-magnetite, i-ilmenite, ne-tantalite.
◆Isebenzisa: Isetshenziswa ekuncibilikeni kwengilazi, izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ceramic, izicwebezelisi ze-ceramic, izinto zokusetshenziswa koqweqwe lwazo, umanyolo we-potassium, nanjengamatshe okuhlobisa namagugu ayigugu.
◆Izindlela zokukhetha: Ukukhetha ngesandla, ukwahlukanisa kazibuthe, ukuntanta.
◆UGenesise kanye Nesenzeko: Kutholakala kuma-gneisses noma emadwaleni e-gneissic metamorphic;eminye imithambo ivela egwadleni noma emizimbeni yedwala le-mafic noma ezindaweni zabo zokuxhumana.Ikakhulukazi igxile ku-pegmatitic feldspar massifs noma i-feldspar pegmatites ehlukanisiwe eyodwa.
2. I-Kaolinite
◆Izakhiwo zomzimba: I-kaolinite ehlanzekile imhlophe kodwa ivamise ukuba nombala obomvu ngokukhanyayo, ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, noma ompunga ngenxa yokungcola.Inomthamo we-2.61 kuya ku-2.68 kanye nobunzima obuvela ku-2 kuya ku-3. I-Kaolinite isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ceramics yokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kanye nezimboni, izinto eziphikisayo, ukwenza amaphepha, ukwakhiwa, ukugqoka, irabha, amapulasitiki, izindwangu, futhi njengokugcwalisa noma umbala omhlophe.
◆Ukusetshenziswa: Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kanye ne-ceramics yezimboni, izinto eziphikisayo, ukwenza amaphepha, ukwakhiwa, okokunamathela, irabha, amapulasitiki, izindwangu, nanjenge-filler noma i-pigment emhlophe.
◆Izindlela Zokukhetha: Ukuhlukaniswa kozibuthe okomile nokumanzi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukubala, ukubola kwamakhemikhali.
◆UGenesisi kanye Nesenzeko: Ikakhulukazi yakheka kusukela kumadwala angenalutho e-silica-alumina-rich kanye ne-metamorphic, ashintshwa isimo sezulu noma ukushintshwa kwe-hydrothermal enezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
3. UMika
◆Izakhiwo Zomzimba: I-Mica ivamise ukuba mhlophe, ibe nemithunzi yokukhanya okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okotshani, noma okumpunga ngokukhanyayo.Inokukhanya okuyingilazi, okufana neparele ezindaweni eziqhekekile, kanye namashidi azacile aguqukayo kodwa anganwebekanga.Ukuqina kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-2 kanye nokuminyana kusuka ku-2.65 kuye ku-2.90.U-Mica uthola ukusetshenziswa ezintweni eziphikisayo, izitsha zobumba, i-porcelain kagesi, izinsimbi, ingilazi ye-fiberglass, irabha, ukwenza amaphepha, i-pigments, imithi, izimonyo, amapulasitiki, nanjengento ewusizo yokuqopha ubuciko obuhle.
◆Ukusetshenziswa: Isetshenziswa ezintweni eziphikisayo, izitsha zobumba, i-porcelain kagesi, izinsimbi, ingilazi ye-fiberglass, irabha, ukwenza amaphepha, i-pigments, imithi, izimonyo, amapulasitiki, nanjengezinto ezisizayo zokuqopha ubuciko obuhle.
◆Izindlela zokukhetha: Ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-electrostatic, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe.
◆UGenesisi kanye Nekwenzeka: Ikhiqizwa kakhulu ngokushintshwa kwe-hydrothermal yamadwala entabamlilo ene-asidi emaphakathi nama-tuffs, futhi atholakala kuma-crystalline schists anothe nge-aluminium kanye neminye imithambo ye-quartz enezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-hydrothermal.
4. I-Talc
◆Izakhiwo zomzimba: I-talc emsulwa ayinambala kodwa ivamise ukubonakala iphuzi, eluhlaza, ensundu, noma ebomvana ngenxa yokungcola.Inokubenyezela okuyingilazi nobulukhuni obungu-1 esikalini se-Mohs.I-Talc isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesigcwalisi embonini yokwenza amaphepha nezimboni zenjoloba futhi njenge-ejenti emhlophe embonini yendwangu.Iphinde isetshenziswe kuma-ceramics, amapende, ama-coatings, amapulasitiki, nezimonyo.
◆Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa ezimbonini zokwenza amaphepha nezenjoloba, njenge-ejenti emhlophe embonini yendwangu, nasezintweni zobumba, upende, okokuhlanganisa, amapulasitiki, nezimonyo.
◆Izindlela zokukhetha: Ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-electrostatic, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, ukuhlunga optical, ukuntanta, ukukhuhla.
◆UGenesise kanye Nokwenzeka: Ikakhulukazi yakhelwe ukuguqulwa kwe-hydrothermal kanye ne-metamorphism, evame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-magnesite, inyoka, i-dolomite, ne-talc schist.
5. I-Muscovite
◆Izakhiwo Zomzimba: I-Muscovite iwuhlobo lwamaminerali e-mica, avame ukuvela ngokumhlophe, okumpunga, okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okotshani, noma okunsundu.Inokubenyezela okuyingilazi okufana neparele ezindaweni eziqhekekile.I-Muscovite isetshenziselwa izinto zokucima umlilo, izinsimbi zokushisela, amapulasitiki, ukufakwa kukagesi, ukwenza iphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, irabha, i-pearl pigments, amapulasitiki, upende, nerabha njengezigcwalisi ezisebenzayo.
◆Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Isetshenziswa njengezinto ezicisha umlilo, izinduku zokushisela, amapulasitiki, ukufakwa kukagesi, ukwenza amaphepha, i-asphalt paper, irabha, i-pearl pigments, amapulasitiki, opende, nerabha njengezigcwalisi ezisebenzayo.
◆Izindlela Zokukhetha: Ukuntanta, ukukhetha umoya, ukukhetha isandla, ukuxebula, ukukhetha ukungqubuzana, ukugaya kahle, ukugaya okuphezulu, ukuguqulwa kwendawo.
◆UGenesise kanye Nesenzeko: Ikakhulukazi umkhiqizo wesenzo se-magmatic kanye nesenzo se-pegmatitic, esivame ukutholakala kuma-granite pegmatites nama-mica schists, avame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-quartz, i-feldspar, namaminerali ayivelakancane ayivelakancane.
Iqhubeka nokuhumusha:
6. I-Sodalite
I-Sodalite iwuhlelo lwekristalu lwe-triclinic, imvamisa amakristalu ayisilinda ayisicaba anemigqa ehambisanayo endaweni eyikristalu.Ine-vitreous luster, futhi ukuphuka kukhombisa ukucwebezela kwengilazi kuya kumaparele.Imibala isuka kokukhanyayo iye koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokumnyama, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuphuzi, okumpunga, okunsundu, okungenambala, noma okumpunga-mhlophe ngokugqamile.Ubunzima busuka ku-5.5 kuye ku-7.0, bunamandla adonsela phansi obuthile obungu-3.53 kuye ku-3.65.Amaminerali ayinhloko yi-sodalite kanye namanani amancane e-silica, anamaminerali asesekeli afana ne-quartz, i-mica emnyama, i-mica yegolide, ne-chlorite.
I-Sodalite iwumkhiqizo wesifunda we-metamorphism otholakala kuma-crystalline schists nama-gneisses.Abakhiqizi abadume umhlaba wonke bahlanganisa iSwitzerland, Austria, namanye amazwe.Lapho ishisa kuze kufike ku-1300°C, i-sodalite ishintsha ibe yi-mullite, into ephikisayo yezinga eliphezulu esetshenziswa ekwenzeni amapulaki enhlansi, imibhobho kawoyela, neminye imikhiqizo ye-ceramic ekwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.I-Aluminium nayo ingakhishwa.Amakristalu akhanyayo emibala emihle angasetshenziswa njengamatshe ayigugu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okujulile okuthandwa kakhulu.INorth Carolina e-United States ikhiqiza i-sodalite yekhwalithi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza.
7.I-Garnet
◆Izici ezingokomzimba
Ngokuvamile nsundu, ophuzi, obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, njll.;obala kuya ku-translucent;i-vitreous luster, ukuphuka nge-resinous luster;akukho cleavage;ubulukhuni 5.6 ~ 7.5;ukuminyana 3.5~4.2.
◆Izinhlelo zokusebenza
Ubulukhuni obuphezulu be-Garnet buyenza ifaneleke izinto eziqhumayo;amakristalu amakhulu anombala omuhle nokucaca angasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamatshe ayigugu.
◆Izindlela zokuhlukanisa
Ukuhlunga ngesandla, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe.
◆UGenesise kanye nesenzakalo
I-Garnet isakazwa kabanzi ezinkambisweni ezihlukahlukene ze-geological, yakha izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-garnet ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukene ze-geological;uchungechunge lwe-calcium-aluminium garnet lukhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ku-hydrothermal, amadwala e-alkaline, namanye ama-pegmatites;uchungechunge lwe-magnesium-aluminium garnet lukhiqizwa ikakhulukazi emadwaleni angenalutho kanye namadwala esifunda se-metamorphic, ama-gneisses, namadwala entaba-mlilo.
8.I-Biotite
◆Izici ezingokomzimba
I-Biotite itholakala kakhulu emadwaleni e-metamorphic nakwamanye amatshe anjenge-granite.Umbala we-biotite usukela kokumnyama kuye kokunsundu, obomvu, noma oluhlaza okotshani.Inokukhanya kwe-vitreous, amakristalu okunwebeka, ukuqina okungaphansi kwezipikili, kulula ukuyiklebhula ibe yizicucu, futhi inomumo wepuleti noma ikholomu.
◆Izinhlelo zokusebenza
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha ukuvikela umlilo, ukwenza iphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, amapulasitiki, irabha, izinto zokucima umlilo, izinduku zokushisela, ubucwebe, i-pearl pigments, nezinye izimboni zamakhemikhali.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-biotite nayo isetshenziswe kabanzi emigqumeni yokuhlobisa njengopende wamatshe wangempela.
◆Izindlela zokuhlukanisa
Ukuntanta, ukukhetha komoya, ukukhethwa kwezandla, ukuxebula, ukukhetha ukungqubuzana, ukugaya kahle, ukugaya okuphezulu, ukuguqulwa kwendawo.
9.Muscovite
◆Izici ezingokomzimba
I-Muscovite iwuhlobo lwamaminerali e-mica eqenjini le-mica emhlophe, i-silicate ye-aluminium, insimbi, ne-potassium.I-Muscovite ine-muscovite enombala omnyama (imibala ehlukahlukene ensundu noma eluhlaza, njll.) kanye ne-muscovite enombala okhanyayo (imibala ehlukahlukene ephuzi ngokukhanyayo).I-muscovite enombala okhanyayo isobala futhi ine-vitreous luster;I-muscovite enombala omnyama i-semi-transparent.I-Vitreous kuya ku-submetallic luster, indawo ehlukanisiwe ene-pearly luster.Amashidi azacile ayanwebeka, ubulukhuni 2~3, amandla adonsela phansi athize 2.70 ~ 2.85, awahambisani.
◆Izinhlelo zokusebenza
Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezinto zokwakha, imboni yokucisha umlilo, ama-ejenti okucima umlilo, izinduku zokushisela, amapulasitiki, ukufakwa kukagesi, ukwenza iphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, irabha, i-pearl pigments, nezinye izimboni zamakhemikhali.I-Ultrafine mica powder isetshenziswa njengesigcwalisi esisebenzayo samapulasitiki, okokunamathela, amapende, irabha, njll., ukuthuthukisa amandla emishini, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina, ukunamathela, ukulwa nokuguga, nokumelana nokugqwala.
Embonini, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwahlukanisa kwayo nokumelana nokushisa, kanye nokumelana kwayo nama-acids, ama-alkali, ukucindezelwa, kanye nezindawo zokuxebula, ezisetshenziswa njengezinto zokufakelwa kwezinto zikagesi nezinto zikagesi;okwesibili asetshenziswa ekwenzeni ama-boilers esitimu, amafasitela esithando somlilo okuncibilikisa, kanye nezingxenye zemishini.
◆Izindlela zokuhlukanisa
Ukuntanta, ukukhetha komoya, ukukhethwa kwezandla, ukuxebula, ukukhetha ukungqubuzana, ukugaya kahle, ukugaya okuphezulu, ukuguqulwa kwendawo.
10.Olivine
◆Izici ezingokomzimba
Okuluhlaza okotshani, okuphuzi-okuluhlaza, okumpunga ngokukhanyayo, okuluhlaza okotshani-mnyama.I-Vitreous luster, ukuphuka okujwayelekile okumise okwegobolondo;ubulukhuni 6.5~7.0, ukuminyana 3.27~4.37.
◆Izinhlelo zokusebenza
Isetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-magnesium compounds nama-phosphates, asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni umanyolo we-calcium-magnesium phosphate;i-olivine ecebile nge-magnesium ingasetshenziswa njengezinto eziphikisayo;i-olivine esobala, enohlamvu oluqinile ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamatshe ayigugu.
◆Izindlela zokuhlukanisa
Ukukhetha kabusha, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe.
◆UGenesise kanye nesenzakalo
Ikakhulukazi yakhelwe isenzo se-magmatic, esenzeka emadwaleni e-ultrabasic nayisisekelo, ahlotshaniswa ne-pyroxene, i-amphibole, i-magnetite, amaminerali eqembu le-platinum, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-31-2024