I-silicon kanye nomoya-mpilo yizinto ezimbili ezisakazwa kakhulu ongqimbeni loMhlaba. Ngaphandle kokwenza i-SiO2, zihlangana futhi zakhe amaminerali e-silicate amaningi kakhulu atholakala ongqimbeni. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-800 zamaminerali e-silicate ezaziwayo, ezibalelwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zazo zonke izinhlobo zamaminerali ezaziwayo. Ndawonye, zakha cishe u-85% wongqimba loMhlaba kanye ne-lithosphere ngesisindo. Lawa maminerali awagcini nje ngokuba yizinto eziyinhloko zamadwala angenalutho, anjenge-sedimentary, kanye ne-metamorphic kodwa futhi asebenza njengemithombo yama-ore amaningi ensimbi angewona awensimbi futhi angavamile. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-quartz, i-feldspar, i-kaolinite, i-illite, i-bentonite, i-talc, i-mica, i-asbestos, i-wollastonite, i-pyroxene, i-amphibole, i-kyanite, i-garnet, i-zircon, i-diatomite, i-serpentine, i-peridotite, i-andalusite, i-biotite, kanye ne-muscovite.
1. I-Feldspar
◆Izakhiwo Zomzimba: I-Feldspar iyiminerali esakazeke kabanzi eMhlabeni. I-feldspar ecebile nge-potassium ibizwa ngokuthi i-potassium feldspar. I-Orthoclase, i-microcline, kanye ne-albite yizibonelo zamaminerali e-potassium feldspar. I-Feldspar ibonisa ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali futhi imelana nama-asidi, ngokuvamile kunzima ukubola. Ukuqina kusuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-6.5, ubuningi busuka ku-2.55 kuya ku-2.75, kanye nephuzu lokuncibilika kusuka ku-1185 kuya ku-1490°C. Kuvame ukwenzeka nge-quartz, i-muscovite, i-biotite, i-sillimanite, i-garnet, kanye nenani elincane le-magnetite, i-ilmenite, ne-tantalite.
◆Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa ekuncibilikiseni ingilazi, izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ceramic, ama-glaze e-ceramic, izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-enamel, umanyolo we-potassium, kanye namatshe okuhlobisa kanye namatshe ayigugu angenani.
◆Izindlela Zokukhetha: Ukuqopha ngesandla, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic, ukuntanta.
◆Ukuqala Nokwenzeka: Kutholakala emadwaleni e-gneiss noma e-gneissic metamorphic; eminye imithambo ivela emizimbeni yamadwala e-granite noma e-mafic noma ezindaweni zawo zokuthintana. Igxile kakhulu kuma-pegmatitic feldspar massifs noma kuma-single feldspar pegmatites ahlukene.
2. I-Kaolinite
◆Izakhiwo Zomzimba: I-kaolinite emsulwa imhlophe kodwa ivame ukuba nombala obomvu okhanyayo, ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, noma ompunga ngenxa yokungcola. Inobuningi obungu-2.61 kuya ku-2.68 kanye nobunzima obusukela ku-2 kuya ku-3. I-Kaolinite isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zobumba ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke nezezimboni, izinto eziphikisayo, ukwenza amaphepha, ukwakha, ukumboza, irabha, ipulasitiki, izindwangu, kanye nokugcwalisa noma umbala omhlophe.
◆Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zobumba ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke kanye nezezimboni, izinto eziphikisayo, ukwenza amaphepha, ukwakha, ukumboza, irabha, ipulasitiki, izindwangu, kanye nokugcwalisa noma umbala omhlophe.
◆Izindlela Zokukhetha: Ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kazibuthe okomile nokumanzi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, i-calcination, ukufiphaza kwamakhemikhali.
◆Ukuqala Nokwenzeka: Ngokuyinhloko kwakhiwe ngamadwala agcwele i-silica-alumina kanye ne-metamorphic, aguqulwa yi-weathering noma ukushintshwa kwe-hydrothermal okushisa okuphansi.
3. I-Mica
◆Izakhiwo Zomzimba: I-Mica ivame ukuba mhlophe, ibe nombala ophuzi okhanyayo, oluhlaza okotshani, noma onsundu okhanyayo. Inokukhanya okufana nengilazi, okufana neparele ezindaweni eziqhekekile, kanye namashidi amancane aguquguqukayo kodwa anganwebeki. Ukuqina kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-2 kanye nobuningi obusuka ku-2.65 kuya ku-2.90. I-Mica ithola ukusetshenziswa ezintweni eziphikisayo, izinto zobumba, i-porcelain kagesi, izinto ezibaselwayo, i-fiberglass, irabha, ukwenza iphepha, imibala, imithi, izimonyo, ipulasitiki, kanye nezinto ezisizayo zokuqopha ubuciko obuhle.
◆Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa ezintweni eziphikisayo, izinto zobumba, i-porcelain kagesi, izinto ezibaselwayo, i-fiberglass, irabha, ukwenza iphepha, imibala, imithi, izimonyo, ipulasitiki, kanye nezinto ezisizayo zokuqopha ubuciko obuhle.
◆Izindlela Zokukhetha: Ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuhlukaniswa ngogesi, ukuhlukaniswa okune-magnetic.
◆Ukuqala Nokwenzeka: Kukhiqizwa kakhulu ngokuguqulwa kwamadwala entaba-mlilo ane-acidic kanye nama-tuffs angaphansi kwamanzi, atholakala futhi kuma-schist ekristalu acebile nge-aluminium kanye neminye imithambo ye-quartz ye-hydrothermal ephansi.
4. I-Talk
◆Izakhiwo Zomzimba: I-talc emsulwa ayinambala kodwa ivame ukubonakala iphuzi, iluhlaza okotshani, insundu, noma ipinki ngenxa yokungcola. Inokukhanya okunjengengilazi kanye nobunzima obungu-1 esikalini se-Mohs. I-talc isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesigcwalisi ezimbonini zokwenza amaphepha kanye nerabha kanye ne-ejenti yokwenza mhlophe embonini yezindwangu. Iphinde isetshenziswe kobumba, opende, ezimbozweni, epulasitikini nasezimonyweni.
◆Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa njengesithako sokugcwalisa ezimbonini zokwenza amaphepha kanye nerabha, njenge-ejenti yokwenza mhlophe embonini yezindwangu, kanye nasezitsheni zobumba, opende, ezimbozweni, epulasitikini nasezimonyweni.
◆Izindlela Zokukhetha: Ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuhlukaniswa ngogesi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic, ukuhlunga okubonakalayo, ukuntanta, ukuklwebha.
◆Ukuqala Nokwenzeka: Kwakhiwe kakhulu ngokuguqulwa kwe-hydrothermal kanye nokuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-magnesite, i-serpentine, i-dolomite, kanye ne-talc schist.
5. I-Muscovite
◆Izakhiwo Zomzimba: I-Muscovite uhlobo lwe-mica mineral, evame ukuvela ngombala omhlophe, ompunga, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, noma onsundu. Inokukhanya okufana nengilazi okufana neparele ezindaweni eziqhekekile. I-Muscovite isetshenziselwa izinto zokucima umlilo, izinduku zokushisela, amapulasitiki, ukufakelwa kukagesi, ukwenza iphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, irabha, imibala yamaparele, amapulasitiki, upende, kanye nerabha njengezigcwalisi ezisebenzayo.
◆Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa njengezinto zokucima umlilo, izinduku zokushisela, amapulasitiki, ukufakelwa kukagesi, ukwenza iphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, irabha, imibala yamaparele, amapulasitiki, upende, kanye nerabha njengezigcwalisi ezisebenzayo.
◆Izindlela Zokukhetha: Ukuntanta, ukukhetha umoya, ukukhetha ngesandla, ukuxebuka, ukukhetha ukungqubuzana, ukugaya okuncane, ukugaya okucolekile kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kwendawo.
◆UGenesise kanye Nokwenzeka: Ngokuyinhloko umkhiqizo wesenzo se-magmatic kanye nesenzo se-pegmatitic, esivame ukutholakala kuma-granite pegmatites kanye nama-mica schists, avame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-quartz, i-feldspar, kanye namaminerali angavamile anemisebe.
Ukuqhubeka nokuhumusha:
6. I-Sodalite
I-Sodalite iyisistimu yekristalu ye-triclinic, evame ukuba yizikristalu ezisicaba ezinemigqa ehambisanayo ebusweni bekristalu. Ine-luster ye-vitreous, kanti ukuqhekeka kubonisa ukukhanya kwengilazi kuya kwe-pearly. Imibala isukela kokukhanya kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuphuzi, okumpunga, okunsundu, okungenambala, noma okumhlophe okumpunga. Ukuqina kusuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-7.0, okunobukhulu obuthile obungu-3.53 kuya ku-3.65. Amaminerali ayinhloko yi-sodalite kanye nenani elincane le-silica, kanye namaminerali angeziwe njenge-quartz, i-mica emnyama, i-mica yegolide, kanye ne-chlorite.
I-Sodalite iwumkhiqizo wesifunda otholakala kuma-crystalline schists nama-gneisses. Abakhiqizi abadumile emhlabeni wonke bahlanganisa iSwitzerland, i-Austria, namanye amazwe. Uma ishiswa ibe yi-1300°I-C, i-sodalite iguquka ibe yi-mullite, into ephikisayo yezinga eliphezulu esetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwama-spark plugs, ama-nozzle kawoyela, kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-ceramic ephikisayo eshisa kakhulu. I-aluminium ingakhishwa futhi. Amakristalu acacile anemibala emihle angasetshenziswa njengamatshe ayigugu, kanti okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okujulile kuyiwona athandwa kakhulu. INorth Carolina e-United States ikhiqiza i-sodalite yekhwalithi ephezulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
7.I-Garnet
◆Izakhiwo zomzimba
Ngokuvamile onsundu, ophuzi, obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, njll.; kusobala kuya kokukhanya okukhanyayo; ukukhazimula kwe-vitreous, ukuqhekeka okune-resinous luster; akukho ukuqhekeka; ubulukhuni 5.6~7.5; ukuminyana 3.5~4.2.
◆Izicelo
Ubulukhuni obukhulu beGarnet buyenza ifaneleke ezintweni ezirhabaxa; amakristalu amakhulu anombala omuhle kanye nokucaca angasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamatshe ayigugu.
◆Izindlela zokuhlukanisa
Ukuhlunga ngesandla, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic.
◆Ukuqala kanye nokwenzeka
I-Garnet isatshalaliswa kabanzi ezinqubweni ezahlukene ze-geological, yakha izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-garnet ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukene ze-geological; uchungechunge lwe-calcium-aluminium garnet lukhiqizwa kakhulu emadwaleni ashisayo, ama-alkaline, kanye namanye ama-pegmatites; uchungechunge lwe-magnesium-aluminium garnet lukhiqizwa kakhulu emadwaleni angenalutho nasemadwaleni e-metamorphic yesifunda, ama-gneisses, kanye namadwala entaba-mlilo.
8.I-Biotite
◆Izakhiwo zomzimba
I-Biotite itholakala kakhulu emadwaleni ashintshashintshayo nakwamanye amatshe afana ne-granite. Umbala we-biotite usukela kumnyama kuya konsundu, obomvu, noma oluhlaza okotshani. Ine-vitreous luster, amakristalu anwebekayo, ubulukhuni obungaphansi kwesipikili, kulula ukubudabula bube yizicucu, futhi inomumo wepuleti noma ikholomu.
◆Izicelo
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha ukuvikela umlilo, ukwenza amaphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, amapulasitiki, irabha, izinto zokucima umlilo, izinduku zokushisela, ubucwebe, imibala yamaparele, kanye neminye imboni yamakhemikhali. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-biotite isetshenziswe kabanzi nasezimbozweni zokuhlobisa ezifana nopende wamatshe wangempela.
◆Izindlela zokuhlukanisa
Ukuntanta, ukukhetha umoya, ukukhetha isandla, ukuxebuka, ukukhetha ukungqubuzana, ukugaya okuncane, ukugaya okucolekile kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kwendawo.
9.I-Muscovite
◆Izakhiwo zomzimba
I-Muscovite uhlobo lweminerali ye-mica eqenjini le-mica elimhlophe, i-silicate ye-aluminium, i-iron, ne-potassium. I-Muscovite ine-muscovite enombala omnyama (imibala ehlukahlukene ensundu noma eluhlaza, njll.) kanye ne-muscovite enombala okhanyayo (imibala ehlukahlukene ephuzi elikhanyayo). I-muscovite enombala okhanyayo iyabonakala futhi ine-luster ye-vitreous; i-muscovite enombala omnyama icacile kancane. I-luster ye-vitreous kuya kwe-submetallic, ubuso obuqhekekile obunokukhanya kwe-pearly. Amashidi amancane ayanwebeka, ubulukhuni 2 ~ 3, amandla adonsela phansi athile 2.70 ~ 2.85, awahambisi.
◆Izicelo
Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezinto zokwakha, embonini yokucima umlilo, izinto zokucima umlilo, izinduku zokushisela, amapulasitiki, ukufakelwa kukagesi, ukwenza iphepha, iphepha le-asphalt, irabha, imibala yamaparele, kanye neminye imboni yamakhemikhali. Impuphu ye-mica ecolekile kakhulu isetshenziswa njengesigcwalisi esisebenzayo samapulasitiki, izembozo, upende, irabha, njll., ukuthuthukisa amandla omshini, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina, ukunamathela, ukulwa nokuguga, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Kwezimboni, isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuvikela kwayo ukushisa kanye nokumelana nokushisa, kanye nokumelana kwayo nama-asidi, ama-alkali, ukucindezela, kanye nezakhiwo zokuxebuka, ezisetshenziswa njengezinto zokuvikela imishini kagesi kanye nezinto zikagesi; okwesibili isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwama-boilers anomusi, amafasitela esithando sesithando sokuncibilikisa, kanye nezingxenye zemishini.
◆Izindlela zokuhlukanisa
Ukuntanta, ukukhetha umoya, ukukhetha isandla, ukuxebuka, ukukhetha ukungqubuzana, ukugaya okuncane, ukugaya okucolekile kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kwendawo.
10.I-Olivine
◆Izakhiwo zomzimba
Oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, okumpunga-okukhanya, okuluhlaza-omnyama. Ukukhanya kwe-vitreous, ukuqhekeka okufana negobolondo; ubulukhuni 6.5~7.0, ubuningi 3.27~4.37.
◆Izicelo
Isetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali e-magnesium nama-phosphate, isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni komanyolo we-calcium-magnesium phosphate; i-olivine ecebile nge-magnesium ingasetshenziswa njengezinto eziphikisayo; i-olivine esobala, enezinhlamvu eziqinile ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamatshe ayigugu.
◆Izindlela zokuhlukanisa
Ukukhetha kabusha, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic.
◆Ukuqala kanye nokwenzeka
Yakhiwe kakhulu ngesenzo se-magmatic, esenzeka emadwaleni e-ultrabasic kanye nayisisekelo, ahlotshaniswa ne-pyroxene, i-amphibole, i-magnetite, amaminerali eqembu le-platinum, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-31-2024